I always thought the reason that Christian and Jewish brides wore veils was because of modesty and the reason Christians (I'm not sure if Jews do this too) lift the veil during the ceremony is because of what happened to Jacob when he tried to marry Rachel and got tricked into marrying Leah. So to make sure the groom is marrying the right person they lift the veil before they consumate the marriage so they know who they are marrying. Well turns out there are more meanings behind wearing wedding veils. I didn't want to wear a veil before (didn't have a purpose and one less thing to buy) and after reading this I am definitely dead set against it. Sexist assholes!
[Source 1]
The bride's veil and bouquet are of greater antiquity than her white
gown. Her veil, which was yellow in ancient Greece and red in ancient
Rome, usually shrouded her from head to foot, and has since the
earliest of times, denoted the subordination of a woman to man. The
thicker the veil, the more traditional the implication of wearing
it.
According to tradition, it is considered bad luck for
the bride to be seen by the groom before the ceremony. As a matter of
fact, in the old days of marriage by purchase, the couple rarely saw
each other at all, with courtship being of more recent historical
emergence.
The
lifting of the veil at the end of the ceremony symbolizes male
dominance. If the bride takes the initiative in lifting it, thereby
presenting herself to him, she is showing more independence.
Veils
came into vogue in the United States when Nelly Curtis wore a veil at
her wedding to George Washington's aid, Major Lawrence Lewis. Major
Lewis saw his bride to be standing behind a filmy curtain and commented
to her how beautiful she appeared. She then decided to veil herself
for their ceremony.
[Source 2]
An occasion on which a Western woman is likely to wear a veil is on her wedding day, if she follows the traditions of a white wedding. Brides used to wear their hair flowing down their back at their wedding to
symbolise their virginity, now the white diaphanous veil is often said
to represent this.
It is not altogether clear that the wedding veil is a non-religious
use of this item, since weddings have almost always had religious
underpinnings, especially in the West: in the Christian tradition this
is expressed in the Gospel passage, "What therefore God has joined
together, let no man put asunder" (Mt. 19:6). Veils, however, had been
used in the West for weddings long before this. Roman brides, for
instance, wore an intensely flame-colored and fulsome veil, called the flammeum, apparently intended to protect the bride from evil spirits on her wedding day.
The lifting of the veil was often a part of ancient wedding ritual, symbolising the groom
taking possession of the wife, either as lover or as property, or the
revelation of the bride by her parents to the groom for his approval.
In ancient Judaism the lifting of the veil took place just prior to the consummation of
the marriage in sexual union. The uncovering or unveiling that takes
place in the marriage ceremony
is a symbol of what will take place in the marriage bed. Just as the
two become one through their words spoken in wedding vows, so these
words are a sign of the physical oneness that they will consummate
later on. The lifting of the veil is a symbol and an anticipation of
this. In the story in the Book of Genesis, a man named Laban tricks Jacob
into marrying the wrong woman. Because of the heavy veil that was not
raised until after the union was complete, Jacob married the older and
homelier of Laban's daughters, Leah, instead of the young and beautiful Rachel, whom he loved. The deceit resulted in Jacob eventually having both his wives.
The story also resulted in the Jewish practice where a groom lowers the
veil before the ceremony and lifts the veil before the kiss. This
practice is known as badeken.
Read about more meanings behind Western wedding traditions here.